2010年3月12日 星期五

續《流氓國家》翻譯評論(06)

(原文)p.1第四段至p.2第一段:
Acheson was referring specifically to the Cuba blockage. Cuba has been one of the main targets of US terror and economic warfare for forty years, even before the secret decision of March 1960 to overthrow the government. The Cuban threat was identified by Arthur Schlesinger, reporting the conclusions of the Kennedy’s Latin American mission to the incoming president: “It is the spread of Castro idea of taking matters into one’s own hands,” which might stimulate the “poor and underprivileged” elsewhere, who “are now demanding opportunities for a decent living,” Schlesinger later elaborated—the “virus” or “rotten apple” effect, as it is sometimes called. There was a Cold War connection: “The Soviet Union hovers in the wings, flourishing large development loans and presenting itself as the model for achieving modernization in a single generation.”3

譯本(p.002第二段):
亞奇森特別提到對古巴的封鎖。四十年以來,古巴一直是美國恐怖行動以及經濟制裁的主要目標之一,甚至早在一九六O年三月暗中計畫推翻古巴政府之前就是如此。史萊辛傑(Arthur Schlesinger)認為古巴對美國而言是一項威脅,並以之為繼任的總統說明甘迺迪(Kennedy)的拉丁美洲計畫的運作結論:古巴「瀰漫著卡斯楚操之在我的構想」,這樣的想法可能會刺激其他地方「貧窮與未享受特權的人們」,他們「現在需要能讓他們安適生活的機會」。史萊辛傑之後更將這樣的情況稱之為──「病毒」或「爛蘋果」效應,有時候這也被用來稱呼古巴。這樣的看法和冷戰(Cold War)有關:「蘇聯得以一展身手,提供豐富的發展貸款,以在短時間完成現代化的典範的形象出現在世人面前。」3

討論:
亞奇森並非「特別提到」對古巴的封鎖。很多人常搞不清楚"specific"的意思,常常理解為「特別的、特殊的」,但其實是「特定的、一定的、明確的」。所以在這裡是「亞奇森講的就是對古巴的封鎖行動。」The Cuba threat was identified by Arthur Schlesinger,這裡的"threat"一般都譯為「威脅」。但這樣簡便行事,在譯文卻是把動詞當名詞用,事實上是不通的。英文這個字,中文裡的「患、害」味道庶幾近之─「國之患」的「」患,「周處除三害」的「害」等均是。不過,這裡若譯成「古巴之患」,文言文的簡省使語句節奏突然急促起來,須有上下文配合,才能有恰當的譯文。基於以上種種考慮,個人會暫且將"threat"譯成「危險」。"poor and underpriviledged"應為「貧窮與弱勢者」;"underpriviledged"譯為「未享受特權的人們」等於沒譯。Uuderpriviledged的人並非平平的「未享受特權」,而是─依據Macmillan Dictionary: not having as many advantages or opportunities as most people.「現在需要能讓他們安適生活的機會」應為「現在開始要求能讓他們安適生活的機會」。接下來的「...將這樣的情況稱之為『病毒』或『爛蘋果』效應,有時候這也被用來稱呼古巴」這一段譯文語焉不詳,完全沒有掌握原意。這裡原文的意思是說,Schlesinger後來"elaborated"(細說、詳述)說,"the spread of Castro's idea of taking matters into one's own hands","might stimulate 'the poor and underpriviledged' elsewhere"─卡斯楚這種想法散佈出去,可能會刺激他處的窮人及弱勢者,使他們開始要求能讓他們安適生活的機會;這種影響(effect)「有時候叫做」("as it is sometimes called")「『病毒』效應或『爛蘋果』效應」("virus"or"rotten apple"effect)。接下來,There was a Cold War connection:"The Soviets hovers in the wings, flourishing large development loans and presenting itself as the model for achieving modernization in a single generation.",片語"in the wings"的意思是「準備好要做甚麼事,或已經備便,等著他人來運用」,所以"The Soviets hovers in the wings"並非「蘇聯得以一展身手」,而是「蘇聯早就等在那裏」。"There was a Cold War connetion"─順著,仿著斯勒辛格的思考,因而「這裡面還和冷戰有關聯:『蘇聯,以一個世代即完成現代化之典範自居,揮舞著大筆發展貸款,早就等在那裡...』。」(流6,待續)

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